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Meds That Cause Gynecomastia

May 19, 2025

Gynecomastia, or the development of enlarged male breast tissue, can be caused by many factors—but one of the most overlooked triggers is medication. Several commonly prescribed and over-the-counter drugs can disrupt hormone balance, leading to breast enlargement in men. Understanding which are the meds that cause gynecomastia can help you prevent or manage symptoms early.

This article outlines the most common drug-related culprits, how they affect hormone levels, and what you can do if you notice changes in your chest.

How Do Meds Cause Gynecomastia?

Most cases of medication-induced gynecomastia occur because a drug alters the balance between testosterone and estrogen. This hormonal shift can stimulate the growth of glandular breast tissue in men, especially if the medication is taken long-term.

Meds That Cause Gynecomastia: Some medications increase estrogen levels directly, while others suppress testosterone production or block its effects in the body.

Common Meds That Cause Gynecomastia

Here are the main drug categories known to cause gynecomastia, along with examples from each.

Meds That Cause Gynecomastia:

Anti-Androgens

Used to treat prostate issues, hair loss, or hormone-sensitive cancers

  • Finasteride (Propecia, Proscar)
  • Dutasteride (Avodart)
  • Flutamide
  • Bicalutamide
  • Spironolactone

Heart Medications

Certain heart and blood pressure drugs can affect hormone metabolism

  • Digoxin
  • Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem)
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Amiodarone

Gastrointestinal Medications

Used for acid reflux or ulcers

  • Cimetidine (Tagamet)
  • Omeprazole (Prilosec, long-term use)

Anti-Anxiety and Antidepressants

These may influence hormone receptors

  • Diazepam (Valium)
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

Hormonal Medications

Used in cancer therapy or gender-affirming care

  • hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
  • Estrogens
  • Anti-estrogen medications in certain regimens

Recreational Substances

While not prescription meds, these can also lead to gynecomastia

  • Alcohol (chronic use)
  • Marijuana
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Methadone
  • Amphetamines

How to Notice Meds That Cause Gynecomastia

Watch for these early signs:

  • Puffy or enlarged nipples
  • Firm tissue or a lump beneath one or both areolas
  • Tenderness or soreness in the chest
  • Swelling that doesn’t improve with weight loss

Meds That Cause Gynecomastia: Symptoms can appear gradually or after several weeks or months of use. One side of the chest may be more affected than the other, especially in early stages.

What to Do If You Suspect a Medication Is Involved

Never stop a prescription medication without consulting your doctor. Instead:

  • Review all current medications and supplements with your provider
  • Ask about possible alternatives with fewer hormonal side effects
  • Request a hormone panel to check testosterone, estrogen, and prolactin levels
  • Consider an evaluation by a gynecomastia specialist if symptoms persist

In some cases, stopping the medication or switching to another option may reverse the condition, especially if caught early.

Treatment for Medication-Induced Gynecomastia

If the glandular tissue remains after 6 to 12 months, it is unlikely to go away on its own—even if the medication is stopped. At that point, surgical removal is the only effective treatment.

The procedure includes:

  • Gland excision via a small incision around the areola
  • Optional liposuction if fat is present
  • Minimal scarring and a short recovery period
  • Permanent results with proper care

Schedule a Consultation

If you’ve developed chest fullness and think a medication may be to blame, we can help. Dr. Joseph Cruise specializes in diagnosing and treating all forms of gynecomastia, including drug-induced cases. We’ll help you confirm the cause and design a plan to restore a flatter, more masculine chest.

Schedule a gynecomastia consultation today to take the first step toward answers and long-term relief.

Plastic Surgeon | Website |  + posts

Dr. Joseph Cruise is a board-certified plastic surgeon with over 20 years of experience. Regarded as one of the top gynecomastia surgeons in the world, Dr. Cruise has gynecomastia-specific content that can be found at lagynecomastia.org. Dr. Cruise has dedicated his career to cosmetic surgery but has also had extensive training in General Surgery, Hand Surgery, and Microvascular Surgery. Dr. Joseph Cruise is also a member of the Rhinoplasty Society as well as the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.

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